Frequency Bands / ITU RR table: 1 660-1 710 MHz

ITU RR table: 1 660-1 710 MHz

1.66 – 1.71 GHz WRC-27 AI

On the WRC-27 agenda

This band — or part of it — is under study for the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference. The agenda items below address it:

Regulatory Footnotes

Footnotes from RR Article 5 that apply to allocations within this frequency band.

Condition
Current text

5.149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands: 13 360-13 410 kHz, 25 550-25 670 kHz, 37.5-38.25 MHz, 73-74.6 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 150.05-153 MHz in Region 1, 322-328.6 MHz, 406.1-410 MHz, 608-614 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 1 330-1 400 MHz, 1 610.6-1 613.8 MHz, 1 660-1 670 MHz, 1 718.8-1 722.2 MHz, 2 655-2 690 MHz, 3 260-3 267 MHz, 3 332-3 339 MHz, 3 345.8-3 352.5 MHz, 4 825-4 835 MHz, 4 950-4 990 MHz, 4 990-5 000 MHz, 6 650-6 675.2 MHz, 10.6-10.68 GHz, 14.47-14.5 GHz, 22.01-22.21 GHz, 22.21-22.5 GHz, 22.81-22.86 GHz, 23.07-23.12 GHz, 31.2-31.3 GHz, 31.5-31.8 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, 36.43-36.5 GHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 48.94-49.04 GHz, 76-86 GHz, 92-94 GHz, 94.1-100 GHz, 102-109.5 GHz, 111.8-114.25 GHz, 128.33-128.59 GHz, 129.23-129.49 GHz, 130-134 GHz, 136-148.5 GHz, 151.5-158.5 GHz, 168.59-168.93 GHz, 171.11-171.45 GHz, 172.31-172.65 GHz, 173.52-173.85 GHz, 195.75-196.15 GHz, 209-226 GHz, 241-250 GHz, 252-275 GHz are allocated, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see Nos. 4.5 and 4.6 and Article 29). (WRC-07)

Version history (2)
WRC-2000 Modified

Changes from WRC-1997

5.149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands: 13 360-13 410 kHz, 4 950-4 990 MHz, 97.88-98.08 GHz*, 25 550-25 670 kHz, 4 990-5 000 MHz, 140.69-140.98 GHz*, 37.5-38.25 MHz, 6 650-6 675.2 MHz*, 144.68-144.98 GHz*, 73-74.6 MHz in 10.6-10.68 GHz, 145.45-145.75 GHz*, Regions 1 and 3, 14.47-14.5 GHz*, 146.82-147.12 GHz*, 150.05-153 MHz in 22.01-22.21 GHz*, 150-151 GHz*, Region 1, 22.21-22.5 GHz, 174.42-175.02 GHz*, 322-328.6 MHz*, 22.81-22.86 GHz*, 177-177.4 GHz*, 406.1-410 MHz, 23.07-23.12 GHz*, 178.2-178.6 GHz*, 608-614 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 31.2-31.3 GHz, 181-181.46 GHz*, 1 330-1 400 MHz*, 31.5-31.8 GHz in 186.2-186.6 GHz*, Regions 1 and 3, 250-251 GHz*, 1 610.6-1 613.8 MHz*, 36.43-36.5 GHz*, 257.5-258 GHz*, 1 660-1 670 MHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 261-265 GHz,
5.149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands: 13 360-13 410 kHz, 25 550-25 670 kHz, 37.5-38.25 MHz, 73-74.6 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 150.05-153 MHz in Region 1, 322-328.6 MHz, 406.1-410 MHz, 608-614 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 1 330-1 400 MHz, 1 610.6-1 613.8 MHz, 1 660-1 670 MHz, 1 718.8-1 722.2 MHz, 2 655-2 690 MHz, 3 260-3 267 MHz, 3 332-3 339 MHz, 3 345.8-3 352.5 MHz, 4 825-4 835 MHz, 4 950-4 990 MHz, 4 990-5 000 MHz, 6 650-6 675.2 MHz, 10.6-10.68 GHz, 14.47-14.5 GHz, 22.01-22.21 GHz, 22.21-22.5 GHz, 22.81-22.86 GHz, 23.07-23.12 GHz, 31.2-31.3 GHz, 31.5-31.8 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, 36.43-36.5 GHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 48.94-49.04 GHz, 76-86 GHz, 92-94 GHz, 94.1-100 GHz, 102-109.5 GHz, 111.8-114.25 GHz, 128.33-128.59 GHz, 129.23-129.49 GHz, 130-134 GHz, 136-148.5 GHz, 151.5-158.5 GHz, 168.59-168.93 GHz, 171.11-171.45 GHz, 172.31-172.65 GHz, 173.52-173.85 GHz, 195.75-196.15 GHz, 209-226 GHz, 241-250 GHz, 252-275 GHz are allocated, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see Nos. 4.5 and 4.6 and Article 29). (WRC-07)
WRC-1997 Earliest recorded

Earliest recorded text

5.149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands: 13 360-13 410 kHz, 4 950-4 990 MHz, 97.88-98.08 GHz*, 25 550-25 670 kHz, 4 990-5 000 MHz, 140.69-140.98 GHz*, 37.5-38.25 MHz, 6 650-6 675.2 MHz*, 144.68-144.98 GHz*, 73-74.6 MHz in 10.6-10.68 GHz, 145.45-145.75 GHz*, Regions 1 and 3, 14.47-14.5 GHz*, 146.82-147.12 GHz*, 150.05-153 MHz in 22.01-22.21 GHz*, 150-151 GHz*, Region 1, 22.21-22.5 GHz, 174.42-175.02 GHz*, 322-328.6 MHz*, 22.81-22.86 GHz*, 177-177.4 GHz*, 406.1-410 MHz, 23.07-23.12 GHz*, 178.2-178.6 GHz*, 608-614 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 31.2-31.3 GHz, 181-181.46 GHz*, 1 330-1 400 MHz*, 31.5-31.8 GHz in 186.2-186.6 GHz*, Regions 1 and 3, 250-251 GHz*, 1 610.6-1 613.8 MHz*, 36.43-36.5 GHz*, 257.5-258 GHz*, 1 660-1 670 MHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 261-265 GHz,

Other
Current text

5.289 Earth exploration-satellite service applications, other than the meteorological-satellite service, may also be used in the bands 460-470 MHz and 1 690-1 710 MHz for space-to-Earth transmissions subject to not causing harmful interference to stations operating in accordance with the Table.

Other
Current text

5.341 In the bands 1 400-1 727 MHz, 101-120 GHz and 197-220 GHz, passive research is being conducted by some countries in a programme for the search for intentional emissions of extraterrestrial origin.

Other
Current text

5.351 The bands 1 525-1 544 MHz, 1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 626.5-1 645.5 MHz and 1 646.5-1 660.5 MHz shall not be used for feeder links of any service. In exceptional circumstances, however, an earth station at a specified fixed point in any of the mobile-satellite services may be authorized by an administration to communicate via space stations using these bands.

Condition
Current text

5.351A For the use of the frequency bands 1 518-1 544 MHz, 1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 610-1 645.5 MHz, 1 646.5-1 660.5 MHz, 1 668-1 675 MHz, 1 980-2 010 MHz, 2 170-2 200 MHz, 2 483.5-2 520 MHz and 2 670-2 690 MHz by the mobile-satellite service, see Resolutions 212 (Rev.WRC-23) and 225 (Rev.WRC-23). (WRC-23)

Version history (3)
WRC-2023 Modified

Changes from WRC-2007

5.351A For the use of the frequency bands 1 518-1 544 MHz, 1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 610-1 645.5 MHz, 1 646.5-1 660.5 MHz, 1 668-1 675 MHz, 1 980-2 010 MHz, 2 170-2 200 MHz, 2 483.5-2 520 MHz and 2 670-2 690 MHz by the mobile-satellite service, see Resolutions 212 (Rev.WRC-0723)* and 225 (Rev.WRC-0723)**. (WRC-0723)
WRC-2007 Modified

Changes from WRC-2000

5.351A For the use of the bands 1 525518-1 544 MHz, 1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 610-1 626.5645.5 MHz, 1 626.5646.5- 1 645.5660.5 MHz, 1 646.5668-1 660.5675 MHz, 1 980-2 010 MHz, 2 170-2 200 MHz, 2 483.5-2 500 MHz, 2 500-2 520 MHz and 2 670-2 690 MHz by the mobile-satellite service, see Resolutions 212 (Rev.WRC-9707)* and 225 (Rev.WRC-07)**. (WRC-200007)
WRC-2000 Created

Text as adopted

5.351A For the use of the bands 1 525-1 544 MHz, 1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 610-1 626.5 MHz, 1 626.5- 1 645.5 MHz, 1 646.5-1 660.5 MHz, 1 980-2 010 MHz, 2 170-2 200 MHz, 2 483.5-2 500 MHz, 2 500-2 520 MHz and 2 670-2 690 MHz by the mobile-satellite service, see Resolutions 212 (Rev.WRC-97) and 225 (WRC-2000)

Other
Current text

5.354 The use of the bands 1 525-1 559 MHz and 1 626.5-1 660.5 MHz by the mobile-satellite services is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A.

Condition
Current text

5.362A In the United States, in the bands 1 555-1 559 MHz and 1 656.5-1 660.5 MHz, the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service shall have priority access and immediate availability, by pre-emption if necessary, over all other mobile-satellite communications operating within a network. Mobile-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to, or claim protection from, aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service communications with priority 1 to 6 in Article 44. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other mobile-satellite services. (WRC-97)

Condition
Current text

5.376A Mobile earth stations operating in the band 1 660-1 660.5 MHz shall not cause harmful interference to stations in the radio astronomy service. (WRC-97)

Additional allocation
Current text

5.379 Additional allocation: in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan, the band 1 660.5-1 668.4 MHz is also allocated to the meteorological aids service on a secondary basis.

Other
Current text

5.379A Administrations are urged to give all practicable protection in the band 1 660.5-1 668.4 MHz for future research in radio astronomy, particularly by eliminating air-to-ground transmissions in the meteorological aids service in the band 1 664.4-1 668.4 MHz as soon as practicable.

Condition
Current text

5.379B The use of the frequency band 1 668-1 675 MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-23)

Version history (3)
WRC-2023 Modified

Changes from WRC-2007

5.379B The use of the band 1 668-1 675 MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. In the band 1 668-1 668.4 MHz, Resolution 904 (WRC-07) shall apply. (WRC-07)
5.379B The use of the frequency band 1 668-1 675 MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-23)
WRC-2007 Modified

Changes from WRC-2003

5.379B The use of the band 1 668-1 675 MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. In the band 1 668-1 668.4 MHz, Resolution 904 (WRC-0307) shall apply. (WRC-07)
WRC-2003 Created

Text as adopted

5.379B The use of the band 1 668-1 675 MHz by the mobile-satellite service is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A. (WRC-03)

Condition
Current text

5.379C In order to protect the radio astronomy service in the band 1 668-1 670 MHz, the aggregate power flux-density values produced by mobile earth stations in a network of the mobile-satellite service operating in this band shall not exceed –181 dB(W/m2) in 10 MHz and −194 dB(W/m2) in any 20 kHz at any radio astronomy station recorded in the Master International Frequency Register, for more than 2% of integration periods of 2 000 s. (WRC-03)

Condition
Current text

5.379D For sharing of the frequency band 1 668.4-1 675 MHz between the mobile-satellite service and the fixed and mobile services, Resolution 744 (Rev.WRC-23) shall apply. (WRC-23)

Version history (3)
WRC-2023 Modified

Changes from WRC-2007

5.379D For sharing of the frequency band 1 668.4-1 675 MHz between the mobile-satellite service and the fixed and mobile services, Resolution 744 (Rev.WRC-0723) shall apply. (WRC-0723)
WRC-2007 Modified

Changes from WRC-2003

5.379D For sharing of the band 1 668668.4-1 675 MHz between the mobile-satellite service and the fixed, mobile and spacemobile research (passive) services, Resolution 744 (Rev.WRC-07) shall apply. (WRC-0307)
WRC-2003 Created

Text as adopted

5.379D For sharing of the band 1 668-1 675 MHz between the mobile-satellite service and the fixed, mobile and space research (passive) services, Resolution 744 (WRC-03)

Condition
Current text

5.379E In the band 1 668.4-1 675 MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not cause harmful interference to stations in the meteorological aids service in China, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan and Uzbekistan. In the band 1 668.4-1 675 MHz, administrations are urged not to implement new systems in the meteorological aids service and are encouraged to migrate existing meteorological aids service operations to other bands as soon as practicable. (WRC-03)

Condition
Current text

5.380A In the band 1 670-1 675 MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not cause harmful interference to, nor constrain the development of, existing earth stations in the meteorological-satellite service notified before 1 January 2004. Any new assignment to these earth stations in this band shall also be protected from harmful interference from stations in the mobile-satellite service. (WRC-07)

Version history (2)
WRC-2007 Modified

Changes from WRC-2003

5.380A In the band 1 670-1 675 MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not cause harmful interference to, nor constrain the development of, existing earth stations in the meteorological-satellite service notified before 1 January 2004. Any new assignment to these earth stations in accordancethis withband Resolutionshall 670also be protected from harmful interference from stations in the mobile-satellite service. (WRC-0307)
WRC-2003 Created

Text as adopted

5.380A In the band 1 670-1 675 MHz, stations in the mobile-satellite service shall not cause harmful interference to, nor constrain the development of, existing earth stations in the meteorological-satellite service notified in accordance with Resolution 670 (WRC-03)

Additional allocation
Current text

5.381 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Cuba, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Pakistan, the band 1 690-1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis, and in the Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea the frequency band 1 690-1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-23)

Version history (3)
WRC-2012 Modified

Changes from WRC-2003

5.381 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Pakistan, the band 1 690-1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-03)
5.381 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Cuba, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Pakistan, the band 1 690-1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis, and in the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea the frequency band 1 690-1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-23)
WRC-2003 Modified

Changes from WRC-1997

5.381 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, theIran (Islamic Republic of) Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri LankaPakistan, the band 1 690- 1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis. (WRC-03)
WRC-1997 Earliest recorded

Earliest recorded text

5.381 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the band 1 690- 1 700 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis.

Different category
Current text

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, North Macedonia, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen, the allocation of the frequency band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33). (WRC-23)

Version history (6)
WRC-2019 Modified

Changes from WRC-2015

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, theLebanon, FormerNorth Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen, the allocation of the frequency band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), and in the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, the allocation of the frequency band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-1523)
WRC-2015 Modified

Changes from WRC-2012

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen, the allocation of the frequency band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), and in the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, the allocation of the frequency band 1 690- 1 700 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-1215)
WRC-2012 Modified

Changes from WRC-2007

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Serbia, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), and in the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, the allocation of the band 1 690- 1 700 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-0712)
WRC-2007 Modified

Changes from WRC-2003

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Yemen, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), and in the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. (WRC-0307)
WRC-2003 Modified

Changes from WRC-1997

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Russian Federation, Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, KazakstanKazakhstan, Kuwait, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, SyriaSyrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, RussiaSerbia and Montenegro, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yemen and YugoslaviaYemen, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. S5.335.33), and in the DemocraticDem. People's RepublicRep. of Korea, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. S5.335.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. S5.383 Not used.(WRC-03)
WRC-1997 Earliest recorded

Earliest recorded text

5.382 Different category of service: in Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Congo, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakstan, Kuwait, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Uzbekistan, Poland, Qatar, Syria, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia, Somalia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yemen and Yugoslavia, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services is on a primary basis (see No. S5.33), and in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the allocation of the band 1 690-1 700 MHz to the fixed service is on a primary basis (see No. S5.33) and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a secondary basis. S5.383 Not used.

Additional allocation
Current text

5.384 Additional allocation: in India, Indonesia and Japan, the band 1 700-1 710 MHz is also allocated to the space research service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. (WRC-97)

Version history (1)
WRC-1997 Earliest recorded

Earliest recorded text

5.384 Additional allocation: in India, Indonesia and Japan, the band 1 700-1 710 MHz is also allocated to the space research service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. (WRC-97)

Source: ITU Radio Regulations, editions of 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024. The English, French and Spanish texts are each taken from the official edition in that language, not translated from one another. Sources and citation.