Sources, and how to cite this site
RR Explorer presents the ITU Radio Regulations. This page says where each part of the text comes from, what this site is not, and how to cite a page of it.
This is not an official ITU publication
The Radio Regulations are adopted by World Radiocommunication Conferences and published by the International Telecommunication Union. RR Explorer reproduces that text and adds ways of reading it — comparison across editions, footnote scope by country, links between provisions. Nothing here amends, interprets or supersedes the Regulations.
Where the exact wording matters — in a submission, a filing, a dispute — read it in the ITU edition. This site is a way of finding a provision; the ITU publication is the provision.
Where the data comes from
Every text on this site is taken from an ITU publication of the Radio Regulations. Nothing is paraphrased and nothing is generated.
| What | Editions held | Taken from |
|---|---|---|
| Table of Frequency Allocations | 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024 | RR Volume 1, Article 5 |
| Article 5 footnotes | 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024 | RR Volume 1, Article 5 |
| Articles of Volume 1 | 2020, 2024 | RR Volume 1. Article 5 is not among them — its provisions are the footnote pages. |
| WRC Resolutions | 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024 | RR Volume 3 |
| Recommendations incorporated by reference | 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024 | RR Volume 4 |
| WRC agenda items and CPM | WRC-27, WRC-31 | The conference Resolutions that set the agenda, and the CPM Reports |
English, French and Spanish are equally authentic
The Radio Regulations are adopted in these three languages and none is a translation of the others, so each language on this site is taken from the official edition in that language. Where a page has no text in the language you are reading, it shows the English rather than translating: a translation of a regulation is not the regulation.
Errors in the original are reproduced
Where an ITU edition carries a typographical error, this site carries it too. Correcting it quietly would put the two out of agreement, and a reader comparing them would have no way to tell which had been changed. The French 5.348A reads “─150” in ITU's own file, and it reads that way here.
Where one language edition omits something the others carry, the omission is recorded and the English is shown in its place. ITU's Spanish RR-2020 does not print the heading numbered 23.1, which the English, the French and the Spanish RR-2024 all carry.
How to cite a page
Cite the regulation first and this site second: the provision is the ITU's, the page is ours.
Example
ITU Radio Regulations (2024), No. 5.340. RR Explorer, https://rrexplorer.org/en/rr-footnotes/5-340 (accessed 08 August 2026).
These URLs do not change. The language is part of the path, so a citation shows which language edition was read — /en/, /fr/ or /es/ — and a provision number is written with a hyphen where the regulation prints a dot (5.340 → 5-340).
Found something wrong?
If a text here differs from the ITU edition, that is a defect and we want to know. Tell us the provision, the edition and the language, and what the ITU publication says. Corrections are made by re-running the import from a corrected source, so what changed is recorded rather than typed over.
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