Studies on potential new allocations to, and regulatory actions for, the mobile-satellite service in the frequency bands 1 427-1 432 MHz (space-to-Earth), 1 645.5-1 646.5 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space), 1 880-1 920 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) and 2 010-2 025 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) required for the future development of low-data-rate non-geostationary mobile-satellite systems

that low-data-rate mobile-satellite service (MSS) systems, in the context of this Resolution, refer to non-geostationary (non-GSO) systems not delivering telephony that transmit data in bursts and can therefore operate with periodic or intermittent data transmission and maintain a service while experiencing packet loss;

that there is a need for low-data-rate MSS systems for the purpose of developing the Internet of Things;

that there are insufficient spectrum opportunities for new non-voice low-data-rate non-GSO MSS systems to operate in existing MSS frequency bands below 5 000 MHz;

that the number of mobile-satellite systems using small satellites is growing and the spectrum demand for suitable MSS allocations is increasing,

that the frequency band 1 427-1 429 MHz is currently allocated to the space operations (Earth-to-space), fixed, and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis;

that the frequency band 1 429-1 452 MHz is currently allocated to the fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services on a primary basis in Region 1, and to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis in Regions 2 and 3;

that the frequency band 1 400-1 427 MHz is currently allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite (passive), radio astronomy and space research (passive) services on a primary basis;

that the frequency band 1 645.5-1 646 5 MHz is currently allocated to the MSS (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis;

that the frequency band 1 880-1 920 MHz is currently allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis;

that the frequency band 2 010-2 025 MHz is currently allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis;

that the frequency band 2 010-2 025 MHz is currently allocated to the MSS on a primary basis in Region 2 only;

that in Regions 1 and 3, the frequency band 2 010-2 025 MHz may be used by high-altitude platform stations as base stations to provide International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), in accordance with No. 5.388A;

that the frequency band 1 427-1 432 MHz is identified for IMT globally, in accordance with Resolution 223 (Rev.WRC-23);

that the frequency bands 1 880-1 920 MHz and 2 010-2 025 MHz are identified for IMT globally in accordance with Resolution 212 (Rev.WRC-23) and are included in arrangement B1 for implementation of IMT in Recommendation ITU-R M.1036;

that Report ITU-R SA.2312 provides technical characteristics and benefits of some low-data-rate MSS satellites and suggests that MSS frequency bands already allocated above 5 000 MHz are not suited to the inherent size, weight and power restrictions of small satellites (usually having a mass of less than 100 kg);

the need for regulatory certainty regarding the available spectrum for both satellite and earth station design and planning purposes,

that the frequency bands 1 427-1 432 MHz, 1 645.5-1 646.5 MHz, 1 880-1 920 MHz and 2 010-2 025 MHz, and adjacent frequency bands, are also allocated to other radiocommunication services on a primary basis and that those allocations are used by a variety of incumbent systems in many administrations, and that the protection of these services should be studied;

that, for the determination of the incumbent services, the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations in force apply;

that low-data-rate MSS systems in non-GSO orbits should, in the context of this Resolution have the following properties:

not including telephony;

transmitting data in bursts;

capable of operating with periodic or intermittent data transmission;

capable of maintaining a service while experiencing packet loss;

that MSS systems use different modes of operation and employ interference-mitigating measures to facilitate spectrum sharing and compatibility between systems and other services;

that new allocations for MSS systems are needed,

studies on spectrum requirements, technical and operational characteristics and conditions for non-GSO low-data-rate MSS systems, including mitigation techniques, that allow coexistence of these systems in the same frequency bands;

studies on sharing and compatibility between the non-GSO low-data-rate MSS systems and the existing primary services operating in the frequency bands 1 427-1 432 MHz (space-to-Earth), 1 645.5-1 646.5 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space), 1 880-1 920 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) and 2 010-2 025 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) and in the relevant adjacent frequency bands, in order to ensure protection of existing services,

to participate actively in the studies and provide the information required for the studies listed under resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector to complete in time for the 2027 world radiocommunication conference by submitting contributions to the ITU Radiocommunication Sector,

to consider, based on the results of studies, possible allocations to the MSS and possible regulatory actions in the frequency bands referred to in resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector to complete in time for the 2027 world radiocommunication conference.