Section I − Cessation of emissions
§ 1 Space stations shall be fitted with devices to ensure immediate cessation of their radio emissions by telecommand, whenever such cessation is required under the provisions of these Regulations.
Section II − Control of interference to geostationary-satellite systems
§ 2 1) Non-geostationary-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to and, unless otherwise specified in these Regulations, shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service and the broadcasting-satellite service operating in accordance with these Regulations. No. 5.43A does not apply in this case. (WRC-07)
2) Whenever the emissions from geostationary satellites in the inter-satellite service are directed towards space stations at distances from Earth greater than that of the geostationary-satellite orbit, the boresight of the antenna mainbeam of the geostationary satellite shall not be pointed within 15° of any point on the geostationary-satellite orbit.
§ 3 In the frequency band 29.95-30 GHz space stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service on board geostationary satellites and operating with space stations in the same service on board non-geostationary satellites shall have the following restriction:
Whenever the emissions from the geostationary satellites are directed towards the geostationary-satellite orbit and cause unacceptable interference to any geostationary-satellite space system in the fixed-satellite service, these emissions shall be reduced to a level at or less than accepted interference.
§ 4 In the frequency band 8 025-8 400 MHz, which the Earth exploration-satellite service using non-geostationary satellites shares with the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) or the meteorological-satellite service (Earth-to-space), the maximum power flux-density produced at the geostationary-satellite orbit by any Earth exploration-satellite service space station shall not exceed −174 dB(W/m2) in any 4 kHz band.
§ 5 In the frequency band 6 700-7 075 MHz, the maximum aggregate power flux-density produced at the geostationary-satellite orbit and within ± 5° of inclination around the geostationary-satellite orbit by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service shall not exceed −168 dB(W/m2) in any 4 kHz band. The maximum aggregate power flux-density shall be calculated in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R S.1256-0. (WRC-15)
Suppressed by the conference; the number is retained. (WRC-2000)
§ 6 1) The equivalent power flux-density, epfd, at any point on the Earth’s surface visible from the geostationary-satellite orbit, produced by emissions from all the space stations of a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands listed in Tables 22-1A to 22-1E, including emissions from a reflecting satellite, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits given in Tables 22-1A to 22-1E for the given percentages of time. These limits relate to the equivalent power flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions, into a reference antenna and in the reference bandwidth specified in Tables 22-1A to 22-1E, for all pointing directions towards the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-03)
2) The limits given in Tables 22-1A to 22-1E may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has so agreed (see also Resolution 140 (Rev.WRC-23)). (WRC-23)
Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed- satellite service systems in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern |
| 10.7-11.7 in all Regions; 11.7-12.2 in Region 2; 12.2-12.5 in Region 3 and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 | −175.4 −174 −170.8 −165.3 −160.4 −160 −160 | 0 90 99 99.73 99.991 99.997 100 | 40 | 60 cm Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 10.7-11.7 in all Regions; 11.7-12.2 in Region 2; 12.2-12.5 in Region 3 and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 | −181.9 −178.4 −173.4 −173 −164 −161.6 −161.4 −160.8 −160.5 −160 −160 | 0 99.5 99.74 99.857 99.954 99.984 99.991 99.997 99.997 99.9993 100 | 40 | 1.2 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern |
| −190.45 −189.45 −187.45 −182.4 −182 −168 −164 −162 −160 −160 | 0 90 99.5 99.7 99.855 99.971 99.988 99.995 99.999 100 | 40 | 3 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 | |
| −195.45 −195.45 −190 −190 −172.5 −160 −160 | 0 99 99.65 99.71 99.99 99.998 100 | 40 | 10 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern7 |
| 17.3-17.7 in Region 2; 17.8-18.6 | −175.4 −175.4 −172.5 −167 −164 −164 | 0 90 99 99.714 99.971 100 | 40 | 1 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 17.3-17.7 in Region 2; 17.8-18.6 | −161.4 −161.4 −158.5 −153 −150 −150 | 0 90 99 99.714 99.971 100 | 1 000 | 1 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| −178.4 −178.4 −171.4 −170.5 −166 −164 −164 | 0 99.4 99.9 99.913 99.971 99.977 100 | 40 | 2 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 | |
| −164.4 −164.4 −157.4 −156.5 −152 −150 −150 | 0 99.4 99.9 99.913 99.971 99.977 100 | 1 000 | 2 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 | |
| −185.4 −185.4 −180 −180 −172 −164 −164 | 0 99.8 99.8 99.943 99.943 99.998 100 | 40 | 5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 | |
| −171.4 −171.4 −166 −166 −158 −150 −150 | 0 99.8 99.8 99.943 99.943 99.998 100 | 1 000 | 5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satelllite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern |
| 19.7-20.2 | −187.4 −182 −172 −154 −154 | 0 71.429 97.143 99.983 100 | 40 | 70 cm Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −173.4 −168 −158 −140 −140 | 0 71.429 97.143 99.983 100 | 1 000 | 70 cm Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −190.4 −181.4 −170.4 −168.6 −165 −160 −154 −154 | 0 91 99.8 99.8 99.943 99.943 99.997 100 | 40 | 90 cm Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −176.4 −167.4 −156.4 −154.6 −151 −146 −140 −140 | 0 91 99.8 99.8 99.943 99.943 99.997 100 | 1 000 | 90 cm Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −196.4 −162 −154 −154 | 0 99.98 99.99943 100 | 40 | 2.5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −182.4 −148 −140 −140 | 0 99.98 99.99943 100 | 1 000 | 2.5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −200.4 −189.4 −187.8 −184 −175 −164.2 −154.6 −154 −154 | 0 90 94 97.143 99.886 99.99 99.999 99.9992 100 | 40 | 5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −186.4 −175.4 −173.8 −170 −161 −150.2 −140.6 −140 −140 | 0 90 94 97.143 99.886 99.99 99.999 99.9992 100 | 1 000 | 5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428-1 |
Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands into 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm, 180 cm, 240 cm and 300 cm broadcasting-satellite service antennas
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern |
| 11.7-12.5 in Region 1; 11.7-12.2 and 12.5-12.75 in Region 3; 12.2-12.7 in Region 2 | −165.841 −165.541 −164.041 −158.6 −158.6 −158.33 −158.33 | 0 25 96 98.857 99.429 99.429 100 | 40 | 30 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 |
| −175.441 −172.441 −169.441 −164 −160.75 −160 −160 | 0 66 97.75 99.357 99.809 99.986 100 | 40 | 45 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 | |
| −176.441 −173.191 −167.75 −162 −161 −160.2 −160 −160 | 0 97.8 99.371 99.886 99.943 99.971 99.997 100 | 40 | 60 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 |
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern |
| 11.7-12.5 in Region 1; 11.7-12.2 and 12.5-12.75 in Region 3; 12.2-12.7 in Region 2 | −178.94 −178.44 −176.44 −171 −165.5 −163 −161 −160 −160 | 0 33 98 99.429 99.714 99.857 99.943 99.991 100 | 40 | 90 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 |
| −182.44 −180.69 −179.19 −178.44 −174.94 −173.75 −173 −169.5 −167.8 −164 −161.9 −161 −160.4 −160 | 0 90 98.9 98.9 99.5 99.68 99.68 99.85 99.915 99.94 99.97 99.99 99.998 100 | 40 | 120 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 | |
| −184.941 −184.101 −181.691 −176.25 −163.25 −161.5 −160.35 −160 −160 | 0 33 98.5 99.571 99.946 99.974 99.993 99.999 100 | 40 | 180 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 | |
| −187.441 −186.341 −183.441 −178 −164.4 −161.9 −160.5 −160 −160 | 0 33 99.25 99.786 99.957 99.983 99.994 99.999 100 | 40 | 240 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 | |
| −191.941 −189.441 −185.941 −180.5 −173 −167 −162 −160 −160 | 0 33 99.5 99.857 99.914 99.951 99.983 99.991 100 | 40 | 300 cm Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443-3, Annex 1 |
Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (MHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern (m) |
| 3 700-4 200 | −195.4 | 100 | 4 | 1.8 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −197.9 | 100 | 4 | 2.4 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −201.6 | 100 | 4 | 3.7 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −203.3 | 100 | 4 | 4.5 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −204.5 | 100 | 4 | 5.5 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −207.5 | 100 | 4 | 8 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −208.5 | 100 | 4 | 10 |
| 3 700-4 200 | −212.0 | 100 | 4 | 15 |
3) The equivalent power flux-density, epfd, produced at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit by emissions from all the earth stations in a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands listed in Table 22-2, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits given in Table 22-2 for the specified percentages of time. These limits relate to the equivalent power flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions, into a reference antenna and in the reference bandwidth specified in Table 22-2, for all pointing directions towards the Earth’s surface visible from any given location in the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-2000)
Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time epfd level may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna beamwidth and reference radiation pattern |
| 5 925-6 725 MHz | −183.0 | 100 | 4 | 1.5° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −20 |
| 12.5-12.75 GHz 12.75-13.25 GHz 13.75-14.5 GHz | −160 | 100 | 40 | 4° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −20 |
| 17.3-18.1 GHz (Regions 1 and 3) 17.8-18.1 GHz (Region 2) | −160 | 100 | 40 | 4° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −20 |
| 27.5-28.6 GHz | −162 | 100 | 40 | 1.55° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −10 |
| 29.5-30 GHz | −162 | 100 | 40 | 1.55° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −10 |
Suppressed by the conference; the number is retained. (WRC-2000)
4) The equivalent power flux-density, epfdis, produced at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit by emissions from all the space stations in a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands listed in Table 22-3, including emissions from a reflecting satellite, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the limits given in Table 22-3 for the specified percentages of time. These limits relate to the equivalent power flux-density which would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions into a reference antenna and in the reference bandwidth specified in Table 22-3, for all pointing directions towards the Earth’s surface visible from any given location in the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-2000)
Limits to the epfdis radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed- satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfdis (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfdis level may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Reference antenna beamwidth and reference radiation pattern |
| 10.7-11.7 (Region 1) 12.5-12.75 (Region 1) 12.7-12.75 (Region 2) | −160 | 100 | 40 | 4° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −20 |
| 17.3-17.7 (Regions 1 and 2) 17.8-18.4 | −160 | 100 | 40 | 4° Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, Ls = −20 |
Suppressed by the conference; the number is retained. (WRC-2000)
5) The limits specified in Nos. 22.5C (except for Table 22-1E) to 22.5D (except for Table 22-2 for the frequency band 5 925-6 725 MHz) and 22.5F apply to non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service for which complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, has been received by the Bureau after 22 November 1997. The limits specified in Table 22-1E and those specified in Table 22-2 for the frequency band 5 925-6 725 MHz apply to non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service for which complete notification information has been received by the Bureau after 5 July 2003. The limits in Tables 22-4A, 22-4A1 and 22-4B do not apply to non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service for which complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, has been received by the Bureau before 22 November 1997. (WRC-19)
6) An administration operating a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service which is in compliance with the limits in Nos. 22.5C, 22.5D and 22.5F shall be considered as having fulfilled its obligations under No. 22.2 with respect to any geostationary-satellite network, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite system and the geostationary-satellite network, provided that the epfd↓ radiated by the non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service into any operating geostationary fixed-satellite service earth station does not exceed the operational and additional operational limits given in Tables 22-4A, 22-4A1 and 22-4B, when the diameter of the earth station antenna is equal to the values given in Table 22-4A or 22-4A1, or the gain of the earth station is equal to or greater than the values given in Table 22-4B for the corresponding orbital inclination of the geostationary fixed-satellite service satellite. Except as otherwise agreed between concerned administrations, an administration operating a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service that is subject to the limits in Nos. 22.5C, 22.5D and 22.5F and which radiates epfd into any operating geostationary fixed-satellite service earth station at levels in excess of the operational or additional operational limits given in Tables 22-4A, 22-4A1 and 22-4B, when the diameter of the earth station antenna is equal to the values given in Table 22-4A or 22-4A1, or the gain of the earth station is equal to or greater than the values given in Table 22-4B for the corresponding orbital inclination of the geostationary fixed-satellite service satellite, shall be considered to be in violation of its obligations under No. 22.2, and the provisions of Article 15 (Section V) apply. In addition, administrations are encouraged to use the relevant ITU-R Recommendations to determine whether such a violation has occurred. (WRC-19)
Operational limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Geostationary- satellite system receive earth station antenna diameter (m) | Orbital inclination of the geostationary satellite (degrees) |
| 10.7-11.7 in all Regions 11.7-12.2 in Region 2 12.2-12.5 in Region 3, and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 (prior to 31 December 2005) | −163 −166 −167.5 −169.5 | 100 | 40 | 3 6 9 ≥ 18 | ≤ 2.5 |
| 10.7-11.7 in all Regions 11.7-12.2 in Region 2 12.2-12.5 in Region 3, and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 (prior to 31 December 2005) | −160 −163 −164.5 −166.5 | 100 | 40 | 3 6 9 ≥ 18 | > 2.5 and ≤ 4.5 |
| 10.7-11.7 in all Regions 11.7-12.2 in Region 2 12.2-12.5 in Region 3, and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 (from 31 December 2005) | −161.25 −164 −165.5 −167.5 | 100 | 40 | 3 6 9 ≥ 18 | ≤ 2.5 |
| 10.7-11.7 in all Regions 11.7-12.2 in Region 2 12.2-12.5 in Region 3, and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 (from 31 December 2005) | −158.25 −161 −162.5 −164.5 | 100 | 40 | 3 6 9 ≥ 18 | > 2.5 and ≤ 4.5 |
Additional operational limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service into 3 m and 10 m geostationary fixed-satellite service earth station antennas
| epfd (dB(W/(m2 · 40 kHz))) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Geostationary-satellite system receive earth station antenna diameter (m) |
| −182 −179 −176 −171 −168 −165 −163 −161.25 −161.25 | 99.9 99.94 99.97 99.98 99.984 99.993 99.999 99.99975 100 | 3 |
| −185 −183 −179 −175 −171 −168 −166 −166 | 99.97 99.98 99.99 99.996 99.998 99.999 99.9998 100 | 10 |
Operational limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands
| Frequency band (GHz) | epfd (dB(W/m2)) | Percentage of time during which epfd may not be exceeded | Reference bandwidth (kHz) | Geostationary-satellite system receive earth station antenna gain (dBi) | Orbital inclination of geostationary satellite (degrees) |
| 19.7-20.2 | −157 −157 −155 | 100 100 100 | 40 40 40 | ≥ 49 ≥ 43 ≥ 49 | ≤ 2.5 ≤ 2.5 > 2.5 and ≤ 4.5 |
| 19.7-20.2 | −143 −143 −141 | 100 100 100 | 1 000 1 000 1 000 | ≥ 49 ≥ 43 ≥ 49 | ≤ 2.5 ≤ 2.5 > 2.5 and ≤ 4.5 |
| 17.3-17.7 in Region 2 17.8-18.6 | −164 −162 | 100 100 | 40 40 | ≥ 49 ≥ 49 | ≤ 2.5 > 2.5 and ≤ 4.5 |
| 17.3-17.7 in Region 2 17.8-18.6 | −150 −148 | 100 100 | 1 000 1 000 | ≥ 49 ≥ 49 | ≤ 2.5 > 2.5 and ≤ 4.5 |
7) In case of force majeure, telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to non-geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service are not subject to the limits given in Table 22-2. (WRC-2000)
8) Administrations operating or planning to operate non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands listed in Tables 22-1A to 22-1D of No. 22.5C will apply the provisions of Resolution 76 (Rev.WRC-15)* to ensure that the actual aggregate interference into geostationary fixed-satellite service and geostationary broadcasting-satellite service networks caused by such systems operating co-frequency in these frequency bands does not exceed the aggregate power levels shown in Tables 1A to 1D of Resolution 76 (Rev.WRC-15)* In the event that an administration operating a geostationary-satellite network in conformity with the Radio Regulations identifies equivalent power flux-density levels from non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service which may be in excess of the aggregate limits contained in Tables 1A to 1D of Resolution 76 (Rev.WRC-15)*, the administrations responsible for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service will apply the provisions contained in resolves 2 of Resolution 76 (Rev.WRC-15)*. (WRC-19)
9) A non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 37.5-39.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 39.5-42.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 47.2-50.2 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 50.4-51.4 GHz (Earth-to-space) shall not exceed:
– a single-entry increase of 3% of the time allowance for the C/N value associated with the shortest percentage of time specified in the short-term performance objective of the generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference links; and
– a single-entry permissible allowance of at most 3% reduction in time-weighted average spectral efficiency calculated on an annual basis for the generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference links using adaptive coding and modulation. (WRC-19)
10) Administrations operating or planning to operate non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 37.5-39.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 39.5-42.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 47.2-50.2 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 50.4-51.4 GHz (Earth-to-space) shall ensure that the aggregate interference to geostationary-satellite FSS, MSS, and BSS networks caused by all non-geostationary-satellite FSS systems operating in these frequency bands does not exceed:
– an increase of 10% of the time allowance for the C/N value associated with the shortest percentage of time specified in the short-term performance objective of the generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference links; and
– a reduction of at most 8% in a calculated annual time-weighted average spectral efficiency for the generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference links using adaptive coding and modulation, taking into account that the methodology ensures that the degradation of time-weighted average spectral efficiency on each link is lower than the maximum permissible reduction,
for each generic geostationary-satellite orbit reference link in Annex 1 to Resolution 770 (WRC-19)*;
and:
– an increase of 10% of the time allowance for the C/N values associated with the short-term performance objectives of the supplemental geostationary-satellite orbit links; and
– a reduction of at most 8% in a calculated annual time-weighted average spectral efficiency for the supplemental geostationary-satellite orbit links associated with notified and brought into use frequency assignments using adaptive coding and modulation, taking into account that the methodology ensures that the degradation of time-weighted average spectral efficiency on each link is lower than the maximum permissible reduction.
Resolution 769 (WRC-19) shall also apply. (WRC-19)
Section III − Station keeping of space stations
§ 6 1) Space stations on board geostationary satellites which use any frequency band allocated to the fixed-satellite service or the broadcasting-satellite service:
a) shall have the capability of maintaining their positions within ±0.1° of the longitude of their nominal positions;
b) shall maintain their positions within ±0.1° of longitude of their nominal positions; but
2) Space stations on board geostationary satellites which do not use any frequency band allocated to the fixed-satellite service or the broadcasting-satellite service:
a) shall have the capability of maintaining their positions within ±0.5° of the longitude of their nominal positions;
b) shall maintain their positions within ±0.5° of longitude of their nominal positions; but
a) shall have the capability of maintaining their positions within ±1° of the longitude of their nominal positions, but efforts should be made to achieve a capability of maintaining their positions at least within ±0.5° of the longitude of their nominal positions;
b) shall maintain their positions within ±1° of longitude of their nominal positions; but
Section IV − Pointing accuracy of antennas on geostationary satellites
§ 7 1) The pointing direction of maximum radiation of any earthward beam of antennas on geostationary satellites shall be capable of being maintained within:
a) 10 % of the half-power beamwidth relative to the nominal pointing direction, or
b) 0.3° relative to the nominal pointing direction, whichever is greater. This position applies only when such a beam is intended for less than global coverage.
2) In the event that the beam is not rotationally symmetrical about the axis of maximum radiation, the tolerance in any plane containing this axis shall be related to the half power beamwidth in that plane.
3) This accuracy shall be maintained only if it is required to avoid unacceptable interference to other systems.
Section V − Radio astronomy in the shielded zone of the Moon
§ 8 1) In the shielded zone of the Moon emissions causing harmful interference to radio astronomy observationsand to other users of passive services shall be prohibited in the entire frequency spectrum except in the following bands:
a) the frequency bands allocated to the space research service using active sensors;
b) the frequency bands allocated to the space operation service, the Earth exploration-satellite service using active sensors, and the radiolocation service using stations on spaceborne platforms, which are required for the support of space research, as well as for radiocommunications and space research transmissions within the lunar shielded zone.
Section VI − Off-axis power limits on earth stations of a geostationary-satellite network in the fixed-satellite service (WRC-2000)
§ 9 The level of equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) emitted by an earth station of a geostationary-satellite network shall not exceed the following values for any off-axis angle ϕ which is 3° or more off the main-lobe axis of an earth station antenna:
| Off-axis angle | Maximum e.i.r.p. | ||
| 3° ≤ ϕ ≤ 7° | 42 – 25 log ϕ dB(W/40 kHz) | ||
| 7° < ϕ ≤ 9.2° | 21 dB(W/40 kHz) | ||
| 9.2° < ϕ ≤ 48° | 45 – 25 log ϕ dB(W/40 kHz) | ||
| 48° < ϕ ≤ 180° | 3 dB(W/40 kHz) | (WRC-2000) |
For frequency-modulated television emissions with energy dispersal, the limits in No. 22.26 above may be exceeded by up to 3 dB, provided that the off-axis total e.i.r.p. of the transmitted frequency-modulated television carrier does not exceed the following values:
| Off-axis angle | Maximum e.i.r.p. | ||
| 3° ≤ ϕ ≤ 7° | 56 – 25 log ϕ dBW | ||
| 7° < ϕ ≤ 9.2° | 35 dBW | ||
| 9.2° < ϕ ≤ 48° | 59 – 25 log ϕ dBW | ||
| 48° < ϕ ≤ 180° | 17 dBW | (WRC-2000) |
Frequency-modulated television carriers which operate without energy dispersal should be modulated at all times with programme material or appropriate test patterns. In this case, the off-axis total e.i.r.p. of the emitted frequency-modulated television carrier shall not exceed the following values:
| Off-axis angle | Maximum e.i.r.p. | ||
| 3° ≤ ϕ ≤ 7° | 56 – 25 log ϕ dBW | ||
| 7° < ϕ ≤ 9.2° | 35 dBW | ||
| 9.2° < ϕ ≤ 48° | 59 – 25 log ϕ dBW | ||
| 48° < ϕ ≤ 180° | 17 dBW | (WRC-2000) |
12.75-13.25 GHz
13.75-14 GHz
14-14.5 GHz. (WRC-97)
The e.i.r.p. limits given in Nos. 22.26, 22.27, 22.28 and 22.32 do not apply to earth station antennas in service or ready to be in serviceprior to 2 June 2000, nor to earth stations associated with a satellite network in the fixed-satellite service for which complete coordination or notification information has been received before 2 June 2000. (WRC-2000)
Telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service in normal mode of operation (i.e. earth station transmitting telecommand and ranging carriers to a directional receiving antenna on the space station) may exceed the levels given in No. 22.26 by no more than 16 dB in the frequency bands 12.75-13.25 GHz and 13.75-14.5 GHz. In all other modes of operation, and in case of force majeure, telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service are exempted from the levels given in No. 22.26. (WRC-2000)
§ 10 The level of equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) density emitted by an earth station in a geostationary-satellite network in the 29.5-30 GHz frequency band shall not exceed the following values for any off-axis angle ϕ which is 3° or more off the main-lobe axis of an earth station antenna:
| Off-axis angle | Maximum e.i.r.p. density | ||
| 3° ≤ ϕ ≤ 7° | 28 – 25 log ϕ dB(W/40 kHz) | ||
| 7° < ϕ ≤ 9.2° | 7 dB(W/40 kHz) | ||
| 9.2° < ϕ ≤ 48° | 31 – 25 log ϕ dB(W/40 kHz) | ||
| 48° < ϕ ≤ 180° | −1 dB(W/40 kHz) | (WRC-2000) |
Not used. (WRC-2000)
Telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service in normal mode of operation (i.e. earth station transmitting telecommand and ranging carriers to a directional receiving antenna on the space station) may exceed the levels given in No. 22.32 by no more than 10 dB in the frequency band 29.5-30 GHz. In all other modes of operation, and in case of force majeure, telecommand and ranging carriers transmitted to geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service are exempted from the levels given in No. 22.32. (WRC-2000)
For geostationary-satellite systems in which the earth stations are expected to transmit simultaneously in the same 40 kHz band, e.g. for geostationary-satellite systems employing code-division multiple access, the maximum e.i.r.p. values given in No. 22.32 should be decreased by 10 log(N) dB, where N is the number of earth stations which are in the receive satellite beam of the satellite with which these earth stations are communicating and which are expected to transmit simultaneously on the same frequency. (WRC-2000)
Earth stations operating in the frequency band 29.5-30 GHz should be designed in such a manner that 90% of their peak off-axis e.i.r.p. density levels do not exceed the values given in No. 22.32. Further study is needed to determine the off-axis angular range over which these exceedences would be permitted, taking into account the interference level into adjacent satellites. The statistical processing of the off-axis e.i.r.p. density peaks should be carried out using the method given in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R S.732. (WRC-07)
Earth stations in the fixed-satellite service operating in the 29.5-30 GHz band, which have lower elevation angles to the geostationary-satellite orbit, will require higher e.i.r.p. levels relative to the same terminals at higher elevation angles to achieve the same power flux-densities at the geostationary-satellite orbit, due to the combined effect of increased distance and atmospheric absorption. Earth stations with low elevation angles may exceed the levels given in No. 22.32 by the following amounts:
| Elevation angle to geostationary-satellite orbit, ε | Increase in e.i.r.p. density (dB) | ||
| ε ≤ 5° | 2.5 | ||
| 5° < ε ≤ 30° | 0.1(25 − ε) + 0.5 | (WRC-2000) |
The values in No. 22.32 applicable to the off-axis angle range from 48° to 180° are intended to account for spillover effects. (WRC-2000)
Section VII – Limits to the interference into the frequency band 14.5-14.8 GHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) not for feeder links for the broadcasting satellite service (WRC-15)
Under assumed free-space propagation conditions, the power flux-density emitted by an earth station of a geostationary-satellite network not for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service in the frequency bands 14.5-14.75 GHz in countries listed in Resolution 163 (WRC-15) and 14.5-14.8 GHz in countries listed in Resolution 164 (WRC-15) shall not exceed the value of −76 dB(W/(m2 · 27 MHz)) at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit. (WRC-23)
Notes
22.5C
22.5D
22.5F
22.5K
22.6
22.15
22.19
22.22
22.22
22.30
22.31